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Tauche ein in die Welt der analogen Fotografie und lerne verschiedene Systeme kennen. Zum Schmöckern, Wissen vertiefen, Interessantes erfahren, erstaunt sein, zum Träumen - doch Vorsicht! Das Haben-Will-Gefühl stellt sich schnell ein... Discover my site! On my site there are not only brochures and manuals! Dive into the world of analog, hybrid and digital photography and have a look around - use the search function on the top right of my pages and the index! Have fun browsing! Please note: These scans are provided solely for historical documentation purposes. If you are a copyright holder and object to the publication of any material, please contact us, the relevant content will be removed immediately. Index Back here - brochures, instructions and advertising / Part 1 Brochures/leaflets - continue - again brought to you in the highest quality - Hasselblad Motorkameras Hasselblad XPan lenses Hasselblad Sales Manual Hasselblad Superachromat - Objektive Hasselblad - Das System 1991 (German) Hasselblad Das System - The System Hasselbald Magazin 72 _ Dezember 1982 (German) Carl Zeiss lenses, year 2000 Schneider Kreuznach Large Format lenses (German) G-Claron large format lenses Leitz Diaprojektoren 1933 - Leitz Slide projektor 1933 (German) Contax Real Time System Minolta SLR Systemführer / Minolta SLRSystem guide (German) Minolta Motor Drive MD-90 for Minolta AF 9000 Mamiya Universal Press Mamiya Universal Accessories Pentax Spotmeter V - fleyer Pentax Spotmeter V - Sales fleyer Nikon Large Format Lenses Voigtländer Prospekt von 09.2018 (German) Hasselblad Systemübersicht (German) Hasselblad Neuheiten von 1972 (German) Die Geschichte von Victor Hasselbald (German) Schneider Kreuznach Variogon 5.6/140-280mm für Hasselblad Pentax 645 N II Operating manual Back here - even more brochures, manuals and advertising / Part 1

Legal Notice (Impressum) Information pursuant to Section 5 TMG (German Telemedia Act) Stefan Lotz Kastanienweg 20a 53578 Windhagen Germany Contact Phone: +49 2645 975799 Email: info(at)apertureonepointfour.com Fax: +49 3222 1590075 Responsible for Content pursuant to Section 18(2) MStV Stefan Lotz Kastanienweg 20a 53578 Windhagen Germany Liability for Content As a service provider, I am responsible for my own content on these pages in accordance with Section 7(1) TMG under general laws. However, pursuant to Sections 8 to 10 TMG, I am not obligated as a service provider to monitor transmitted or stored third-party information or to investigate circumstances that indicate unlawful activity. Obligations to remove or block the use of information under general laws remain unaffected by this. However, liability in this regard is only possible from the point in time at which a specific infringement becomes known. Upon becoming aware of any such infringements, I will remove this content immediately. Liability for Links My website contains links to external third-party websites, over whose content I have no control. Therefore, I cannot assume any liability for this external content. The respective provider or operator of the linked pages is always responsible for their content. The linked pages were checked for possible legal violations at the time of linking. No unlawful content was recognizable at the time of linking. However, continuous monitoring of the content of linked pages is not reasonable without concrete evidence of a legal violation. Upon becoming aware of any legal violations, I will remove such links immediately. Copyright The content and works created by the site operator on these pages are subject to German copyright law. Reproduction, editing, distribution, and any other use outside the limits of copyright law require the prior written consent of the respective author or creator. Downloads and copies of this site are permitted for private, non-commercial use only. Insofar as the content on this site was not created by the operator, the copyrights of third parties are respected. In particular, third-party content is identified as such. Should you nevertheless become aware of a copyright infringement, please notify me accordingly. Upon becoming aware of any legal violations, I will remove such content immediately. Trademarks Any trademarks, brand names, product names, company names, trade names, logos, and emblems mentioned, used, or depicted in images belong to their respective owners or rights holders and are subject to German, European, and, where applicable, international trademark law. Registered or protected trademarks, brand names, names, logos, and emblems have not been specifically marked as such. The absence of such marking does not mean that these trademarks, brand names, names, logos, and emblems are free of third-party rights within the meaning of trademark law. The mere mention, use, or depiction of trademarks, brand names, product names, company names, trade names, logos, and emblems does not imply that they are not protected by the rights of third parties. The site operator holds no patent, trademark, or copyright rights to these third-party marks. Protected trademarks, brand names, names, logos, and emblems are mentioned, used, or depicted in product photos, images, or graphics by the site operator solely because they form a documentary part of the site's content. Their mention, use, or depiction is made in full recognition of all rights held by their respective owners. Note Regarding the Privacy Policy For information on the processing of personal data (including hosting, cookies, Google Ads, PayPal, and YouTube), please see the separate Privacy Policy for this website.

Tauche ein in die Welt der analogen Fotografie und lerne verschiedene Systeme kennen. Zum Schmöckern, Wissen vertiefen, Interessantes erfahren, erstaunt sein, zum Träumen - doch Vorsicht! Das Haben-Will-Gefühl stellt sich schnell ein... Here you can browse, search, find, and immerse yourself for hours to your heart's content. I deliberately chose not to sort everything alphabetically – because discovering things is so much more fun that way, isn't it? The documents are available for download as PDF files. Please note that some of them are quite large, several megabytes (MB). If you enjoy my work and would like to support me, you are welcome to make a small donation towards the upkeep of this website. I appreciate any support! Please note: These scans are for historical documentation purposes only. If you are the copyright holder and do not agree to the provision of this material, Please send us a brief message – the relevant material will be removed immediately. Even more Rolleivision Slide projectors of the extra class Canon EOS The goddess of the dawn including with EOS 1n - EOS 3 Gutters Light meters for every application Alpa Camera art from Switzerland Contax 167 MT Made for the legendary Carl Zeiss T * lenses Gutters Light meters for every taste Alpa Rolleivision twin MSC 300 Gossen Belichtungsmesser Hasselblad 205 TCC For Carl Zeiss T * TCC lenses Hasselblad Pictures from Australia Mamiya 6x4,5 6x6 and 6x7 - the latter also as a viewfinder camera Hasselblad The world of Carl Zeiss T * lenses for Hasselblad Leica R The digital - analog system Hasselblad The guide to the professional camera system Mamiya 645 Open your suitcase full of good ideas! Rodenstock For digital specialist format cameras Mamiya Medium Format Cameras Brochure in English Colour temperature meter The color temperature under control - thanks to Gossen Rollei First-class focusing screens are looking for an excellent camera Rodenstock Precision loupes and more Rodenstock Quality filter - Application examples included Zenza Bronica 6x4.5 medium format camera - here is a brochure in English Zenza Bronica 6x6 medium format camera - does it always have to be Hasselblad? Tamron SP 90mm Excellent optical performance Zenza Bronica A small brochure about the overall Bronica system Zenza Bronica more information about this camera system Rolleiflex Carl Zeiss lenses also for the Rolleifelx system Rodenstock Quality filters - a must-have: UV pole and neutral density filters Rolleiflex A 6003 professional would also be something Fenes Rollei The product range briefly presented Voigtlander The resurrection of viewfinder cameras - Bessa L and R Rolleiflex 6008 ingegral Color photo is full of praise! Canon EF lenses Era with the beginnings of IS lenses Zenza Bronica 6x7 system GS-1 in English Kodak Paper for Direct slide prints Canon EOS My system for a long time - some lenses remained Hasselblad The most comprehensive brochure of the 500 C / M EL / M SWC era Kodak Paper for B&W negative prints Voigtlander Lenses for the Bessa and can also be used digitally Tetenal Turns every black and white negative into a black and white image Leica News Immerse yourself in the fascinating Leica world Canon EF lenses The brochure with the 1st EF lens with IS / 75-300mm Tetenal This is how b / w films are developed Leica News Immerse yourself in the fascinating Leica world B + W filters My former bread and butter reading about filters! Canon EF lenses ... from the analog era Novoflex Accessories for the discerning photographer Canon EOS 1 The first professional auto focus Canon camera Kodak Filters for the professional photographer All sorts of interesting facts Voigtlander Bessaflex - R2S - R2C Bessa R - L - TM - R2A - R3A - Hasselblad the entire product catalog from 1996 Philips AG 3B Standard flash bulbs for color photography (therefore marking "B") Osram XM 5 Flash bulbs - also for short-time flash synchronization at the "M" contact Minolta 9000 AF The 1st 35mm autofocus mirror reflex camera for professionals including a sexy quick release lever Polaroid instant slide films easiest film development for home! Kodak T-Max All info about the extremely popular black and white films Osram XM 1 Standard flash light bulbs from Osram with plug-in base Philips PF 6 B Short-time synchronization also on the X contact! Kodachrome The special slide films from Kodak - ISO 25, 64 and 200 Kodak Ektachrome 200 prof. The 200 ASA standard slide film Blitzbirnchen Kodak Vericolor This is how color negatives become transparencies Kodachrome Advertising from 1956 Nikon F5 Nikon's last analogue workhorse with AF and interchangeable viewfinders. Here you can find out more! Canon T90 The Colani Canon Nikon F90x Analogue Nikon with all the features every photographer wants Agfa Process 44 Slide film development Made in Germany Agfacolor Process 70 Colour negative development Made in Germany Canon AE1 A brochure from 1977 Canon's successful model Canon FD lenses Brochure from 1979 Gepe Everything for archiving slides and negative films Agfa - a new ace up its sleeve Agfa Isopan Rapid 25 DIN Canon EOS 620 - RT Adjusting discs - installation made easy! Canon AV-1 A good introduction to the Canon FD world Kaiser photo technology The world of accessories Rodenstock quality filters and more Tenal TT Barite Vario B/W photo paper of variable hardness Tetenal Laboratory Information SW Positive Information that is worth knowing is presented in a compact form Tetenal RA4 Chemistry for processing prints from negative film Heliopan Filter System Made in Germany Leitz Summicron 3,5 und 5cm Lenses from ernst Leitz Wetzlar are still a dream today! Pentax Complete brochure 2000 Small, but fine manufacturer Rodenstock High-quality lenses for digital professional photography Zeiss Ikon Contessa LKE the easy way for great pictures Kodak Ektachrome 200 professional Would you like a little more ISO? Minolta MD-System The big system overview Kodak Gold II The standard Kodak color negativ film Agfa CT64 Agfafilms were always high on my list! Agfachrome CT 18 natural colors from Agfa Agfacolor CT 18 at that time still called Agfacolor CT, not Agfachrome as in later years Agfacolor CT 18 und CT 21 One f-stop more Kodacolor II 126 film Autoknips IV Self timer for cameras and lenses without self timer Pentax 645 Advertising Canon T90 Advertising Agfa Advertising REAL 1000 ISO Kodak Advertising Kodacolor II - 1975 Tamron Tamron General Catalog 2022 Rollei 35 The camera that can always be with you. Canon Quarz Data Back E For your Canon EOS 600, 620, 630, 650 or RT Canon EOS 620 Dealer brochure Canon EOS 630 / 600 Dealer brochure Kodak Infrared films A different view of the world - in black and white or color Nikon Af lenses 1985 The dawn of the autofocus age Osram XM1 and XM5 flashbulbs - a promotional sheet Canon FD System AE1 Programm - A1 - F1n - AL1QF - T-50 - T70 Minolta Remote Cord RC-1000 S Cable release for analogue AF cameras Kodak Vision 250D Motion Picture Film I am enthusiastic about this material: click here Agfacolor Professional The professional films from Germany XRS 100/200/400/1000 Canon AL1 qF Quick Focus for the FD-System Cokin Creative Filters the French rectangular filters at an affordable price Canon EOS 650 Canon EOS 620 Operating instructions for the first two EOS models! Gitzo A stable choice Canon AL-1qF Easier focusing without autofocus Gossen Multisix 1986 was the release year of this digital exposure meter - i still use it today Novoflex high quality accessories Tetenal Photokina novelties 1996 The specialist for the processing of analogue photographic material Tetenal Negafin Excellent SW developer Tenal cleaner cleaning and scrubbing - also in the laboratory Tetenal PK RA 4 kit fast and economical machine development of color color images Jobo Lab equipment for the photo lab - Jobo, that's all you need for your photo lab. Osram XM1/XM1b Flashbulbs a fun change today Schneider Kreuznach Filter System Filters and magnifiers Made in Germany Voigtländer Bessa L - the wide-angle queen Kodak Ektachrome SE Duplicating film SO-366 Kodak Ektachrome 400 professional Want even more ISO? Kodakcolor X A film from almost forgotten times Kodak senkt die Preise However, this was decades ago...today the prices are increased exclusively... Agfa CT18 The slide film from Agfa Rodenstock Large format lens Rotelar 180mm Agfacolor CT 18 Made in Germany Agfachrome 200RS The Agfa professional reversal film with ISO 200 Leica D.R.P. Pentax AG-80 Pentax 645N and NII focusing screen Pentax 645 Advertising Canon A1 Advertising Kodak Advertising 4 fast films by Kodak Visoflex II Mirror box for Leica M models Rolleicord IIc Instruction Canon EF Objektive Even today, every EF lens fits to every EOS with EF bayonet - without any functional restriction; with adapter even to the RF bayonet Canon Macro Lite ML-3 The companion for analog Canon EOS models and the Canon T90 in the field of macro photography. Canon EOS 650 Dealer brochure Polaroid SX-70 The cult camera from 1972 from Polaroid Anker 1 Canon EOS 620 und 650 Gepe Prospekt Cokin Filter Canon FD Prospekt 1979 Agfacolor Filme Chemie Canon AL-1 qF Prospekt Tetenal Prospekte Heliopan Filtr System Jobo Labortechnik Osram XM1 Pentax 64 Werbung Agfa Werbung echte 1000er Canon Händlerbroschüre und mehr Viktor Hasselbald A really fine brochure from 1980 Praktica super TL Camera construction from the German Democratic Republic TTArtisan 2,8 100mm Bubble Bokeh Hasselblad SWC/M The wide angle Hasselblad Praktica super TL Camera construction from the German Democratic Republic Kodak Recording 2475 Film - an old highly sensitive friend Praktica super TL - - Ilford Galerie Fine Art Album Mamiya 645 Pro A step towards the modern medium format camera - - Canon Lens Guide Book Canon Wonderland Mamiya 645 1000S a childhood dream of mine Canon FD Lenses Wonderland Mamiya 67 Pro-S Ideal format for the roll film Mamiya 6 Rangefinder camera for square format Pentax Spotmeter V even more infos about this light meter Mamiya RB 67 prof. S Still today a dream of many "analog" photographers! Pentax Spotmeter V Great spot meter for medium format, large format or anything else! Pentax 645n Bedienungs- anleitung great medium format camera with autofocus Mamiya Prospeke Canon FTb Dealer brochure Canon FD 4/400mm S.S.C. Instruction manual Canon FD 3,5/50mm Macro Instruction manual Canon T90 Instruction manual Adox - Adostop eco Stop bath for black and white development Tetenal Colortec C-41 Color negative processor for at home Canon FD Objektive a great overview Canon nFD 4/400m Instruction manual Canon Extnder 2x A Instruction manual TechArt LM-EA9 AF for Leica M to Sony E and for many other connections additionally with M to... adapter Adox - Adostop eco Stop bath for black and white development -I don't know why, but the picture is not displayed...maybe later? Tetenal Neofin Blue SW one-time developer Pentax SpotmeterV Continue here - for even more brochures, user guides, and promotions / Part 2 Discover my site! On my site there are not only brochures and manuals! Dive into the world of analog, hybrid and digital photography and have a look around - use the search function on the top right of my pages and the index! Have fun browsing! Index

apertureonepointfour "No matter what camera you use, the main thing is that you shoot!" apertureonepointfour, 2020 Welcome! This space is dedicated to exploring the fascinating world of cameras, lenses, and photographic gear, all through the lens of a dedicated collector with a deep-rooted passion for both the art of photography and the technology behind it. "It’s not the gear, it’s the finger on the shutter." apertureonepointfour, 2025 Wondering where the name comes from? It’s a nod to two of my all-time favorite lenses: the classic Canon New FD 50mm f/1.4 and the razor-sharp Sigma Art 40mm f/1.4 for Sony E-mount. My journey into photography began way back in 1982 when I picked up my first camera at the age of 11. Over four decades later, the spark is as bright as ever. I love sharing my hands-on experiences, tips, and reviews with the community, both on my YouTube channel @apertureonepointfour and directly here on my website. Glad to have you here! about me Hey man are you crazy Do you take photos with a digital camera and use flash lamps ?! Yes, I am!!! It's funny, it's crazy and it's a real head turner !!! But watch out! Never connect flash lamps directly to your digital camera! Your camera's electronics could be damaged. Interested in exploring further? Here is just a small selection of featured topics available for "quick access"! Rollei 35 Tessar 3.5 40mm T * Rollei 35 S with Sonnar 2.8 40mm HFT here is the article Rollei 35 Tessar 3.5 40mm T * Rollei 35 S with Sonnar 2.8 40mm HFT here is the article Nikon F5 the last AF-KB analog workhorse with changeable viewfinder here is the article Brochures of various systems here is the article Hasselblad V system here is the article Canon FD system here is the article all about film here is the article Filters for photography here is the article Kodak Motion Picture Film 3 here is the article Tips and Tricks here is the article Contaflex Super BC here is the article different systems here is the article Join the Conversation! Leave a Comment! A website truly comes alive through discussion, and I would love to hear your thoughts! Do you have personal experience with the cameras or lenses featured here? Is there a technical detail you would like to add, or do you have questions about the reviews? This comment section is your space. Share your own experiences with analog and digital photography, chat with fellow enthusiasts, or simply leave some quick feedback. I read every single comment and am always excited to hear from you. So, grab a cup of coffee, share your insights, and let’s talk photography! comments debug Comments (2) Rated 0 out of 5 stars. No ratings yet Add a rating Write a comment Write a comment Sort by: Newest Martin Weber Jun 01 Vielen Dank für deine großartige Arbeit beim Erstellen dieser Webseite. Du schreibst über so viele Kamerasysteme, deine Begeisterung dafür ist total ansteckend! Viele Grüße "Der Minolta-Martin" Like Reply Stefan Lotz Admin Jun 02 Replying to Martin Weber Vielen Dank für deinen Kommentar. Ich bin ein eben kleiner Foto-Nerd 😁. Like Reply

Nicht immer liefert der eingebaute Belichtungsmesser die gewünschten Ergebnisse, obwohl die Kamerahersteller immer weiter entwickelte Messverfahren in ihre Kameras integrieren. In diesem Artikel möchte ich euch die Grundlagen, gepaart mit etwas Hintergrundwissen, der Belichtungskorrektur näher bringen - und dieses so einfach wie möglich, aber dennoch effektiv. Light Metering and Exposure Compensation – Made Simple – Most modern SLR, DSLR, and mirrorless cameras feature a built-in light meter that offers a variety of different metering modes. No matter the camera, the technical goal of light metering remains identical: based on the selected film or sensor sensitivity (ISO, ASA, DIN), the camera aims to calculate the perfect combination of shutter speed and aperture value to ensure the main subject is correctly exposed. A "correctly" exposed image means it is neither too bright nor too dark—shadows don't block up (clip to pure black) and highlights aren't "blown out" or overexposed. Of course, this describes an ideal scenario. Depending on the scene's high contrast, this perfect balance often cannot be achieved in-camera and requires subsequent post-processing in the darkroom or on a computer. Camera manufacturers have continuously advanced built-in light meters, leading to a wide range of systems and brand-specific terminology on the market. A Quick Overview of Common In-Camera Metering Modes Center-Weighted Metering (Integral): This classic method utilizes the entire photographic frame to determine exposure. It factors in the whole image area equally, without placing special emphasis on any single section. Center-Weighted Average Metering: This mode evaluates all the light hitting the film or sensor but assigns significantly more weight to the center of the frame than to the edges. This is based on the practical assumption that the main subject is more frequently located in the center of the composition. Evaluative / Multi-Segment Metering: An excellent, universal metering mode that handles tricky situations like backlighting remarkably well. The camera automatically assesses the scene and adjusts exposure based on the specific shooting conditions. Multi-segment metering is simply another term for this mode, used by systems like the Pentax 645N or NII. However, as you can see in the video, even this advanced method has its limitations. Matrix Metering (Nikon Models): This setting delivers natural-looking exposure results in the vast majority of shooting environments. The camera measures brightness across a wide area of the frame, analyzing tonal distribution, color, and composition. When using a CPU-enabled lens (Type G, E, or D), it also factors in 3D distance information (3D Color Matrix Metering III). For other CPU lenses without distance data, it defaults to standard Color Matrix Metering III. Highlight-Weighted Metering (Nikon Models) : The camera biases the exposure strictly toward the brightest areas of the scene. This method is incredibly useful for preventing detail loss in the highlights, such as photographing stage performers under intense spotlights. Partial Metering: Only a specific, restricted part of the subject is used for the exposure reading. The partial metering area is indicated in the viewfinder and covers only a small percentage of the frame. For instance, on the Canon EOS R6, the partial metering area encompasses exactly 5.8% of the total frame. Spot Metering: An even more precise method where only a tiny fraction of the frame is metered. The spot circle is visible in the viewfinder; on the Canon EOS R6, it covers just 2.9% of the frame. On many modern bodies, the spot metering circle can be linked directly to the active autofocus point. Multi-Spot Metering: This allows you to take multiple individual spot readings (as described above) across different areas of the scene. The camera then calculates the precise average value. Note: Only use this under controlled lighting conditions. It requires experience to know which points to sample and whether the dynamic range of the scene can actually be captured by the film or sensor. Live View and Exposure Compensation Modern mirrorless digital cameras offer the distinct advantage of displaying the scene in the electronic viewfinder (EVF) or on the LCD exactly as it will be captured. If this setting is enabled, you can see the immediate impact of your metering and use the Exposure Compensation Button (marked with "+" and "-") to make adjustments and track them "live." This button alters the baseline exposure values calculated by the camera: The "+" Setting (Overexposure): Intentionally allows more light to hit the film or sensor than the meter suggested. The camera accomplishes this by either slowing down the shutter speed (e.g., from 1/125 sec. to 1/60 sec.) OR opening up the aperture (e.g., from f/8 to f/5.6 / a smaller f-number). The "-" Setting (Underexposure): Reduces the amount of light hitting the film or sensor. It speeds up the shutter time (e.g., from 1/125 sec. to 1/250 sec.) OR narrows the aperture opening (e.g., from f/8 to f/11 / a larger f-number). In both examples above, the exposure value was adjusted by exactly one full stop (EV). Vintage Camera Quirks On older analog cameras, you won't always find the modern "+" and "-" exposure compensation icons. Some vintage icons like the Canon A-1 or Contax RTS use multiplication factors instead: "x2" or "x4": Represents an overexposure of one or two full stops, respectively. "x1/2" or "x1/4": Represents an underexposure of one or two full stops compared to the calculated reading of the built-in light meter. A Clever Workaround for Analog Cameras However, there are many cameras designed for 35mm film (135 format) or other film sizes that lack a dedicated exposure compensation button. Fortunately, a manual override of the automatic exposure is still entirely possible with these models—as long as you can set the film speed manually. In the following example, let’s assume you are using a film with a base sensitivity of ISO/ASA 100 (21° DIN). For a "+" Correction (Overexposure): If you want to allow more light hit the film, you simply dial in a lower film speed on your camera. For a one-stop overexposure, you would change the setting to ISO/ASA 50 (18° DIN). For a more generous two-stop overexposure, you would select ISO/ASA 25 (15° DIN). For a "-" Correction (Underexposure): Conversely, if you want to underexpose the image, you would select ISO/ASA 200 (24° DIN) for a one-stop reduction in light, or ISO/ASA 400 (27° DIN) for a two-stop underexposure. By doing this, you have successfully "tricked" the camera's built-in light meter, forcing it to allow more or less light onto your film! In this short video, you can see the real-world visual results of using exposure compensation in the "+" range. Here I present you a .pdf file as a download with examples available for exposure correction, just click on the picture and the download will start! The document is downloaded in English! Important to Know! Every camera light meter is calibrated to a neutral gray value with a reflectance of exactly 18% of the incident light. If your subject deviates from this ideal baseline—such as bright white snow or dark black backgrounds—the camera’s automatic exposure will not be accurate. A Kodak Gray Card is a standard reference tool used to achieve precise exposure and accurate color balance in photography. It features a flat, gray surface with a calibrated tonal brightness that serves as a neutral point of reference. Positioned within the scene during setup, the gray card is framed by the lens to establish a reliable baseline for both exposure and color rendering. By placing the card close to the subject, photographers can adjust their manual camera settings to lock in the perfect look. Using a gray card is highly effective for securing dead-on exposures in tricky lighting conditions or when critical color accuracy is required, such as in studio work or product photography. By reading the card, the camera system or editor can calibrate exposure and color values against a known neutral baseline to deliver beautiful, true-to-life tones. Practical Metering Tip When shooting with a gray card, it is best practice to meter the card using your camera's spot or partial metering mode (or a dedicated handheld spot meter). Aim the metering circle directly at the center of the card and use that reading for your exposure. It is highly recommended to cross-check your gray card reading (reflected light measurement) with an incident light reading taken via a handheld light meter. In most cases—provided the gray card is placed in the primary light source—the two readings will match up almost perfectly. To achieve a flawless match, you may need to tilt the card slightly toward the key light. It takes a little practice to master, but this technique yields incredibly accurate and repeatable results. Original Product Information from Kodak KODAK Gray Card / R-27 KODAK and the Munsell™ Color Services Lab of X-Rite®, Incorporated, have partnered to develop an enhanced calibration target for your photographic needs. The KODAK Gray Card / R-27 features the world-renowned Munsell 18% Reflectance (Gray) Neutral Patch. The KODAK Gray Card / R-27 package includes one 4 x 5 inch (10 x 13 cm) card, one 8 x 10 inch (20 x 25 cm) card, and an instructional manual. You can find the PDF download of the original brochure right here (click the image to start the download). Kodak Graukarte Back in the heyday of film photography, Kodak offered a professional gray card as well. You can find detailed information about this vintage model, which I still personally use to this day, right here: Click on the image to start your download. In addition to Kodak, various other manufacturers have produced and continue to offer reliable gray cards. Here is another example of a model that I personally use in my daily photography work as well. Click on the image to instantly start downloading the PDF file. My service for you - an illustrated instruction manual in English - and created by myself! I couldn't find anything on the web of even remotely comparable quality. Just click on the image to start the download directly! Gossen Mastersix Instruction Manual You can watch my video series on how to use the Gossen Mastersix and explore its features on my YouTube channel! Episodes 1 through 4 are currently available. The final episode will be released on September 18, 2026!

Das Canon FDn 3,5 50-135mm war ein ungewöhnliches Standardzoom im Canon FD Programm. Es vereinte eine relativ hohe Lichtstärke mit einem Brennweitenbereich, der Fotografen ansprechen sollte, die eher ein Standartzoom vom Normalobjektiv und den leichten Telebrennweiten von 85, 100 und 135mm bevorzugen. Und es reiht sich ein in die hervorragende optische Qualität des berühmten Canon FDn 3,5 35-105mm. Erfahrt mehr auf dieser Seite! Canon nFD 3.5 50-135mm - an unusual standard zoom Canon offered a range of standard zoom lenses for cameras with FD bayonet. Among them were the fabulous goodies Canon (n)FD 2.8-3.5 35-70mm and Canon nFD 3.5 35-105mm. This 3.5 50-135mm zoom presented here is interesting for all those who like to combine a normal focal length with light telephoto lenses - and that with a relatively high speed of 3.5 in a compact design! Canon FD Gallery In this video you will get to know the lens and whether it is worth buying. - external link to YouTube - (c) Canon Camera Hall / Canon Lens Hall: https://global.canon/en/c-museum/product/nfd247.html Take a look at my diverse mix of sample photos and decide for yourself if the optical performance meets your needs. For me, this lens still gets a clear buying recommendation today for both your analog and digital cameras, provided that this focal length range appeals to you. Perhaps as a perfect pair in combination with the Canon nFD 3.5/20-35mm L?! Note: Clicking on an image will enlarge it! 100mm - f5.6 70mm- f8 135mm - f8 135mm - f5.6 50mm macro position - f5.6 50mm macro position - f3.5 50mm macro position - f16 70mm - f5.6 135mm - f3.5 135mm - f5.6 50mm- f8 50mm macro position - f8 50mm macro position - f5.6 50mm macro position - f4.5

Ich feiere mit! 35 Jahre Canon EOS - System: 1987 - 2022. Dafür habe ich mir etwas ganz besonderes ausgedacht. Ihr könnt euch eine große Gegenüberstellung der vier Ur-EOS-Modelle als .pdf-Datei herunterladen. Diese vier Modelle basieren alle auf dem Gehäuse der Canon EOS 650 - der UR-EOS! Und wenn ihr wollt, dann gönnt euch ein solch analogs Schätzchen - oder gleich alle vier Modelle (so wie ich es tat)... Canon EOS 650-620-630-600 and RT - the original EOS models Celebrating a true milestone in photography: I’ve put together the ultimate side-by-side comparison of the four original models that started the analog Canon EOS lineup. Each of these camera bodies shares its DNA and chassis design with the trailblazing first model, the Canon EOS 650. To this day, I absolutely love taking these cameras out for a spin! For me personally, the Canon EOS 600 was the exact camera that marked my entry into the EOS ecosystem all those years ago. Canon EOS 650-620-630-600 and RT - the original EOS models Feel free to download my complete comparison guide for free. Just click on the image below to get your PDF copy! You will need a PDF reader to open the document, which is typically pre-installed on most modern computers and smartphones. If you enjoy my content and would like to support the running costs of this site, any small donation would be greatly appreciated! Canon EOS System 1987 - 2022 A milestone has turned 35 years old! Over 35 years ago, Canon introduced the world to the EOS system with its debut model, the EOS 650, quickly followed by the EOS 620, 600, and the unique RT. And yes, before anyone mentions it: I know there were two other models—the EOS 750 and 850—but we’re going to skip those basic, stripped-down bodies... We are talking about proper analog SLRs for the absolute king of film formats back then: 35mm. To this day, I can wholeheartedly recommend each of these four bodies. They aren't just great entry-level tools; they are fantastic performers for any analog shooter. In this video, we’ll take a deep dive into the differences between these four classic cameras. Thanks for watching and for your interest! Die ersten vier EO Modelle Here I have some more .pdf files for you to download - enjoy! Just click on the respective image! comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment.

Your home for photography. All about my passion. All about analog, hybrid and digital photography in all its forms. Expertise since 1983. On this website, you will find links to external third-party websites. Please note the following legal disclaimer: No Liability for Third-Party Content: I have no influence over the content or design of these linked websites. At the time the links were created, the external pages were checked for potential legal violations; however, permanent monitoring of linked pages without concrete evidence of a violation is not reasonable. The respective provider or operator is solely responsible for the content of the linked pages. I do not assume any liability for third-party content. Direct Video Playback on YouTube: Clicking on a button or text labeled "External Link to YouTube" will redirect you directly to the YouTube platform, where the corresponding video will open. Please be aware that from this moment on, the privacy policies and terms of service of Google and YouTube (YouTube LLC) apply, and data may be collected and processed by them. For further information, please refer to the Impressum (Legal Notice) and Privacy Policy sections. A Adapt lenses Adapter solutions for lenses on digital mirrorless cameras Aberrations, optical Alpa Aperture Aperture series - the image effect Apollon 14K Scan by silbersalz35 ASA - American Standards Association Autoknips I - Self timer B Buying tip - the best camera for you (external link to YouTube) Blur Brochures to download and browse C (Canon FD-System) Accessories for your Canon A or T series camera Canon AV-1 Canon AL-1 qF Brochure .pdf-download Canon AL-1 qF YouTube Video Canon AV-1 Brochure .pdf.download Canon FD System Canon FD: Wich standard zoom to buy? Canon FD Lenses 1979 Canon FD System 1984 Canon FD System 1984/1985 Canon FD System: Looking through the viewfinder of different models Canon magnifier (external link to YouTube) Canon nFD 4.0/28-85mm Canon nFD AF 4.0/35-70mm Autofocus Canon nFD/4.0 35-70mm Canon nFD 3.5/50-135mm Canon nFD 2.8/85mm Softfocus Canon nFD 4.0 200mm Macro with Canon converter 2xB Canon Motor Drive MA Canon T50 - the easy to use camera of the FD System! (external link to YouTube) Canon T60 - The Last FD Underdog (external link to YouTube) Canon T70 - computerized camera from 1984 (external link to YouTube) Canon T80 - the only autofocus camera for the FD System! (external link to YouTube) Canon Winder A Canon Winder A2 Canon Wonderland - FD Lenses Guide Book C (Canon EOS-System) 35 years Canon EOS-System EOS 650-620-600-RT (external link to YouTube) Canon EOS 1n Canon EOS 620 Canon EOS 750 / 850 (external link to YouTube) Canon EOS 850 in 2026 The Ultimate "No-Brainer" Film SLR? (external link to YouTube) Canon EOS RT Canon EF 3.5-4.5/20-35mm USM (external link to YouTube) Canon EF 2,8-4/28-80mm L Canon EF 3.5-5.6/28-135mm L IS USM (external link to YouTube) Canon EF 3.5-5.6/28-300mm L IS USM Canon 28-300mm L IS USM - Re-Tested on the EOS R5 After Repair (external link to YouTube) Canon EF 3.5-4.5/35-135mm (AFD-Drive) tested on a Sony A7III Canon EF 3.5-4.5/35-135mm (AFD-Drive) Re-Tested on a Canon R5 Canon EF 3.5-4.5/50-200mm Canon EF 2.8/80-200mm L - The Magic Drainpipe Canon EF 5.6/100-300mm L Canon EF 3.5/180mm Macro L Canon Macro System / Close-up System1992 Canon Speedlite System 1992 C All about Carl Zeiss Contaflex lenses (Pro-Tessar) on Sony E-Mount camera Carl Zeiss Contaflex lenses (Pro-Tessar) on Sony E-Mount cameras (external link to YouTube) Carl Zeiss Contaflex 4.0/35mm on Sony E-Mount cameras (external link to YouTube) Carl Zeiss Contaflex 4.0/35mm on Sony E-Mount cameras (external link to YouTube) Carl Zeiss Contaflex 4.0/115mm on Sony E-Mount cameras (external link to YouTube) Carl Zeiss Contaflex 4.0/85mm on Sony E-Mount cameras (external link to YouTube) Carl Zeiss Contaflex Makro-Tessar 2.8/50mm 1:1 on Sony E-Mount cameras (external link to YouTube) Carl Zeiss 3,3-4/28-85mm für Contax/Yashica (external link to YouTube) Cokin Creativ Filter System Color Reversal Film Color Negative Film Contaflex Super BC Contaflex brochures Contax-Yashica bajonet for Contax-SLR cameras Contax AX - the SLR-Autofocus camera for all C/Y-lenses D Dead Sea (Canon EF 3.5-5.6/28-300mm USM IS L) (external link to YouTube) DIN - German Institute for Standardization Distance meter E Eastman Kodak Double-X Motion Picture Film Engine sounds of different cameras Epson V850 (scroll down) Leica Ernst Leitz Wetzlar Hektor 4.5/13.5cm LTM - M39 Leica Ernst Leitz Wetzlar Elmar 4/9cm LTM - M39 (external link: YouTube) Exposure metering and exposure compensation Exposure time F Films: 135mm (35mm film) - 120 (roll film) - sheet film and specialities Filter (Photographic filters) Flash bulbs - Usage Flash bulbs - Instructions G Gepe Archiving system Gossen Light meter Conversion chart neutral density filters H Hasselblad V-System, inkl. YouTube-Videos Hedeco Lime 1 Heliopan Filter System Horseman Roll Film Holder Instructions Horseman 6x7 and 6x9 film backs for 4x5 cameras (external link to YouTube) I I`m Back 35 I`m Back RAW-processing Intrepid MK V (external link to YouTube) Intrepid MK V Fixing loose roll film backs on the Intrepid 4x5 (external link to YouTube) ISO - International Organization for Standardization Ilford HP 3 (from 1969) Ilford HP 3 (from 1969) (external link to YouTube) J Jobo Lab equipment for the photo lab K Kodachrome Kodak Gray Card Kodak Motion Picture Film 50D/50T/250D/250T/500T Kodak Motion Picture Film Vision 3 and Apollon 14K Scan Kodak Double-X Motion Picture Film Kodak SE Slide Duplicating Film SO-366 Kodak BW400CN L Leaflets Leica Ernst Leitz Wetzlar Hektor 4.5/13.5cm LTM - M39 Leica Ernst Leitz Wetzlar Elmar 4/9cm LTM - M39 (external link to YouTube) Leitz Summicorn 3,5cm und 5cm Linhof Color Cardan 45s Lomography: Nour Triplet V 2,0/64mm Bokeh Control Art Lens - unboxing and use (external link to YouTube) Long exposure photography my tips (external link to YouTube) M Mamiya Universal Press Mamiya brochures / Mamiya leaflets The Minolta A-System Minolta 9xi Minolta AF 4,5-6,7/100-400mm APO Minolta AF 4-4.5/28-135mm Review: analog + digital Monster Adapter (converted Sony LA-EA4) Monster Adapter LA-FE2 (Nikon AF incl. Screw-Drive to Sony E-Mount) Motor sounds of different cameras (external link to YouTube) N NFTs from selected photographs for sale Nikon D600 (FX) Nikon F5 Nikon F5: On the road with Kodak Vision 3 - 200T in Norway (external link to YouTube) Nikkor 3.5-5.6/28-300mm G VR on a Sony A7rIV with Monster Adapter LA-FE2 (external link to YouTube) Nikkor AF 3.5-4.5/35-135mm N on a Sony A7rIV with Monster Adapter LA-FE2 (external link to YouTube) Nikkor AF-S 3.5-4.5/18-35 mm N on a Sony A7rIV with Monster Adapter LA-FE2 (external link to YouTube) O optical Aberrations Olympus AF-1 Twin - an analog classic Olympus OM g.Zuiko Auto-W 3.5 / 21mm Osram XM1/XM1b Olympus IS-3000 - The 1990s Bridge Camera Packed with Features (external link to YouTube) P Panoramic Photography Extreme 35mm Film Goes Ultra Wide! Pentax Brochure 2000 Pentax Auto 110 Bonus: use lenses digitally and analogously Pentax 645N Pentax 645 Advertising Pixelfeld Praktica super TL Advertising R Reversal film ReflxLab Distance meter ReflxLab Display for cameras - with templates download! Ricoh TLS 401 Rodenstock digital professional lenses Rollei 35 / 35s Rollei SL26 (126 Film - Instamatic) Rolleivision Twin MSC 300 S Shutter speed Shutter Speed Tester for your smartphone - Check the shutter of your analog camera Scale: Depth of field scale Schneider Kreuznach Filter and Lupes Slide Film: Instant 35mm slide film Soligor AF 2.8-4.5 28-70mm (Canon AF ) (external link to YouTube) Sony GM 2.8 24-70mm (version I) with me on my trip to Norway (external link to YouTube) Sony LA-EA4 and LA-EA4r Sony A900 - a Little Love Letter Sound check of analogue cameras T Tamron SP 3,5-4,2 / 28-85mm Adaptall 2 Tamron SP 3.8-5.4 / 60-300mm Adaptall 2 Tamron SP 2,8 / 35-105mm Adaptall 2 Tamron SP 2,8 / 28-105mm AF A-Mount Tetenal Tripod Tips before triggering Tokina AT-X 2.8 28-80mm Pro TTArtisan 2.8/100mm Bubble Bokeh Lens adapt to M42 adapter (external link to YouTube) U - V Viltrox FE 1.8 50mm as "macro replacement" Voigtländer Bessa L Voigtlander Bessamatic Voigtlander Bessa series (L, R etc.) Voigtländer Septon 2,0/50mm Z Zeiss (to the Contaflex) Zeiss Ikon Contaflex lenses (Pro-Tessar) by Carl Zeiss on Sony E-Mount cameras (external link: YouTube!) Carl Zeiss Contaflex 4.0/35mm on Sony E-Mount cameras

Mamiya Universal Press - Größer geht immer! Mittelformat bis 6x9cm. Bei dieser Kamera schätze ich die Möglichkeit Polaroid- oder Fuji-Packfilm verwenden zu können und damit 8,5 x 10,5 cm große Sofortbilder (Trennbildverfahren) zu erhalten. Und mit etwas Übung und Chemie bekommt ihr zusätzlich noch Negative! Mamiya Universal A rangefinder camera manufactured by Mamiya. Produced in various models until 1990, its versatility spanned from press and passport photography to landscape and macro work. A defining characteristic is its distinctive, vertical body design. The camera is pictured here with its handgrip and a Polaroid back for peel-apart packfilm. Thanks to interchangeable film backs, the camera supports multiple formats, including 6x4.5, 6x6, 6x7, and 6x9! I exclusively use the 6x9 backs and the Polaroid back—at least for as long as packfilm is still available... Mamiya Universal Download the German instruction manual for the Mamiya Universal here as a PDF (approx. 30 MB). A quick word of advice before diving into this system: be sure to get comfortable with the mechanics of a rangefinder camera first. Also, keep the ecosystem in mind before buying—particularly the fact that you will need separate, shoe-mounted viewfinders for some of the lenses. Sector 5.6 150mm A great lens - a clear buy recommendation from me! Mamiya Sekore Mamiya offered the following lenses for this camera: 50 mm f / 6.3 - 65 mm f / 6.3 - 75 mm f / 5.6 - 90 mm, 100 mm f / 3.5 and f / 2.8, 127mm f / 4.7 - 150mm f / 5.6, 250mm f / 5 and 250mm f / 8. Sector 6.3 50mm A great lens - a clear buy recommendation from me! Sector 6.3 50mm A great lens - a clear buy recommendation from me! Mamiya Universal Press: The Ultimate Modular Workhorse The Mamiya Universal Press (often simply called the "Mamiya Universal") represents the pinnacle of Mamiya's evolution in analog press and rangefinder cameras. Designed to offer photographers maximum flexibility in the medium format system, it remains legendary today as one of the most rugged and versatile camera systems ever built. Release Date The Mamiya Universal Press was introduced to the market in 1969. It replaced the older models in the lineup (such as the Mamiya Press, Standard, and Super 23) and remained in professional use well into the 1990s. Technical Specifications at a Glance Camera Type: Modular medium format rangefinder camera. Shutter: Leaf shutter, integrated directly into each individual lens. Shutter Speeds: 1/500 - 1 s, plus B (Bulb). Flash Sync: Fully synchronized (X-sync) at all shutter speeds (up to 1/500s), making it ideal for studio and flash photography. Focusing: Manual coupled rangefinder with automatic parallax compensation. Film Formates: Extremely versatile depending on the magazine (6x9, 6x7, 6x6, 6x4.5 on 120 or 220 roll film) as well as Polaroid/instant film. Weight: Approx. 4.4 lbs (2,000 g), depending on the lens and film back used, a massive but incredibly stable all-metal system. Key Features of the System 1. Absolute Modularity (The "Universal" Principle) The name says it all: the camera body essentially lacks a fixed rear ground glass or back. By utilizing various adapters (such as the M-Adapter or G-Adapter), a wide array of film magazines can be attached. You can swap mid-roll from black-and-white to color film, or change your format from 6x4,5 to 6x9. 2. Polaroid / Instant Film Compatibility Unlike its predecessors (like the Super 23), the Universal Press does not feature an extendable bellows on the back. This design choice was made to clear out space for the large Polaroid film back. The Mamiya Universal is one of the very few cameras capable of exposing the full frame of classic Polaroid packfilm (e.g., Type 100) without causing any vignetting (shading at the corners). 3. The Combined Large-Window Viewfinder The built-in viewfinder is a mechanical masterpiece. It features not only the central rangefinder focusing patch but also selectable brightline frames for the three primary focal lengths: 65mm, 90mm, and 150mm. Switching between these frames adjusts the finder mask to automatically compensate for parallax error at close focusing distances. 4. Legendary Sekor Lenses The Mamiya Sekor lenses developed for this system enjoy an outstanding reputation. They are extremely sharp, virtually distortion-free, and their large image circle easily covers the massive 6x9 format. Highly sought-after gems include the wide-angle Sekor 50mm f/6.3 (which requires a separate shoe-mounted viewfinder) and the incredibly fast Sekor 100mm f/2.8. 5. The Iconic Pistol Grip The Universal Press is traditionally operated using a removable, ergonomic handgrip mounted on the left side. This grip features an integrated mechanical cable release that connects via a linkage directly to the lens shutter. This gives the heavy, bulky camera its distinct, classic "press-reporter" handling. Conclusion for Photographers Today The Mamiya Universal Press is by no means a lightweight, and its completely manual operation (cocking the shutter and releasing it are two separate steps!) leaves no room for mistakes. However, for those seeking a slower, more deliberate workflow, the unmatched image quality of a big 6x9 negative, or the magic of packfilm-compatible backs, this is an indestructible tool that operates entirely without batteries.

Purely Digital Here, I present images captured entirely digitally—always accompanied by a little background information or insight. In this section, I will also showcase the digital system cameras used to create them. Tried Nikon D600 Sony A7III with Sigma 1.4 40mm Art The lens was used at open aperture 1.4, focused on the "Septon" lettering of the lens. Sony A7III with Sigma 1.4 40mm Art Here is an example image, stopped down to f4 Sony A7III with Sigma 1.4 40mm Art Once again, this subject was shot wide open at f/1.6. Sony A7III with Sigma 1.4 40mm Art Aperture 1.4 - TOP performance! - - - - - - Sony A7III with Sigma 1.4 40mm Art Again, I used f1.4, focusing on the camera's "CS" lettering. Sony A7III with Sigma 1.4 40mm Art At f/1.6, this lens was truly born for the world of shooting wide open. It gets an absolute buying recommendation from me—though keep in mind that it is quite large and heavy. Sony A7III with Sigma 1.4 40mm Art A real test of patience! Close-up shot taken with a 10mm extension tube at f/4. The lens performs beautifully here! However, my attempts using a 16mm extension tube were rather disappointing. - - - - - -

Jahrzehnte lang mied ich Nikon. Aus Prinzip. Alle anderen durften und dürfen gerne mit Nikon fotografieren - so wie zwei meiner besten Freunde. In meiner Jugend musste ich mich für ein System entscheiden - Nikon verlor, Canon FD wurde mein System. Lest hier die Geschichte, wie es dazu kam und last euch in den Bann der letzten analogen 35mm Spiegelreflexkamera mit Wechselsucher von einem der großen Hersteller ziehen! Nikon F5 Life is change, since the beginning of the year (2021), I have a new favorite analog 35mm AF camera. And it’s not a Canon! I never thought this would happen to me, let alone that I’d actually write these words and find myself heading out to shoot with this camera more and more often. It’s a Nikon F5, the last analog 35mm flagship camera from the major manufacturers to feature interchangeable viewfinders. So, what happened to me? Of course, I’ve dabbled with Nikon cameras from time to time. A good friend of mine, who was also a former coworker of mine back in the last millennium at Foto Brell in Bonn, is a dedicated Nikonian. And then, this happened: My partner was cleaning up and found a camera bag she had been searching for forever. Maja asked me if I wanted the old gear; otherwise, it was going straight into the trash. THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN MURDER! Naturally, I had to rescue the equipment. The first thing I unearthed from the bag was a Minolta 7xi with a 28-80mm lens. Well... not exactly my cup of tea. Nikon F5 Then I discovered a Tokina AF AT-X 80-400mm f/4.5-5.6 (screw-drive) for Nikon. Mint condition! Oh, nice :-) Next, a Nikkor AF 35-70mm f/3.3-4.5 (screw-drive) emerged. Mint condition! It just keeps getting better :-) And then, I found the real crown jewel in this unassuming bag—a Nikkor AF ED 80-200mm f/2.8 (screw-drive, push-pull zoom), also in near-mint condition! Finally, at the very bottom of the bag, I spotted a Sigma 18mm f/3.5 (screw-drive). All of this was headed for the trash? Seriously? But why did my girlfriend own gear like this in the first place? What dark secret was she trying to hide from me? The mystery was solved quickly and rather unspectacularly: a trip around the world in the last millennium after graduating high school, and for a minor course during her college studies in the US. Today, Maja just shoots with a smartphone Nikon F5 But my Nikon camera saw the light of the 21st century for the first time after years of obscurity, trapped in that nondescript camera bag. Slowly, it was supposed to go. Nikon - a no-go for me in my youth. But now, of course, these lenses had to refocus light, burn it into silver, and thus be put to their intended use. In the first step, I bought a Nikon F501 at auction - its design appealed to me even back then as an apprentice at Foto Brell. Nikon F5 A couple of lenses were added: Nikkor AF 2.8 35-70mm My standard lens on the F5. Nikkor AF 1.8 50mm High light intensity for just a few euros. Nikkor AF 3.3-4.5 28-70mm D. Just bought it for 20 euros. If at some point I could still get a light shaft finder cheaply ... Nikon F5 You can download the Nikon F5 instruction manual here - just click on the picture and go to the link ... Nikon F5 After a while I wanted MORE - GIVE ME MORE: MORE CAMERA - MORE AUTOFOCUS - AND ABOVE ALL MORE SEEKERS! F4s or F5 - I was torn. But I discovered an almost perfect F5 for less than 300 euros - that was the case and I adopted my F5. The DW31 magnifying glass viewfinder for the Nikon F5 is shown here. It is especially suitable for working in the macro area or for reproduction work because of its 6x magnification and allows precise manual focusing. Of course, it offers all of the camera's automatic functions, including AF. There is one small limitation: the viewfinder does not offer any Color matrix measurement. This is surely to be gotten over. It enlarges the entire viewfinder image by a factor of 6 and has a built-in diopter correction of +3 to -5 dpt. - ideal for people who wear glasses. Nikon F5 In the gallery at the bottom of this page you can see some pictures that I have recently taken with the F5. I didn't scan the black and white negatives myself; I sent the film to a very good photo lab on the island, in Great Britain. This laboratory also fulfills unusual requests and so I always add black and white negative films to the package as an encore - to the chagrin of my account.